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Romanticism*
Definition From Internet
An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.
Romantic quality or spirit in thought, expression, or action.
(usually initial capital letter) the Romantic style or movement in literature and art, or adherence to its principles (contrasted with classicism).
*By http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Romanticism
_ 1often capitalizeda (1) :a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions, and marked especially in English literature by sensibility and the use of autobiographical material, an exaltation of the primitive and the common man, an appreciation of external nature, an interest in the remote, a predilection for melancholy, and the use in poetry of older verse forms (2) : an aspect of romanticism b : adherence to a**romantic**attitude or style
2: the quality or state of being romantic
*By http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Romanticism
These three definitions of Romanticism all explain the same thing. Romanticism is the movement involved with imagination during the eighteenth century where classicism leaves and Romanticism begins. Romanticism takes place is works of art, literature and principles.
Definition From Book A literary, artisitic, and philosophical movement originating in the eighteenth century, characterized mostly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions.
Literature
Who are the writers and what are their works?
Ralph Waldo Emerson -
Nature - 1836
The American Scholar - 1837
The Divinity School Address - 1838
Essays: First Series including "Compensation", "Self-Reliance", and "Circles" - 1841
The Transcendentalist - 1841
Essays: Second Series including "The Poet", "Experience", and "Politics" - 1844
Representative Men - 1850
English Traits - 1856
"Thoreau" - 1862
Society and Solitude - 1870
Herman Melville -
Moby Dick - 1851
Nathaniel Hawthorne -
The Scarlet Letter - 1850
Edgar Allen Poe -
Narrative of Arthur Golden Pym - 1837
Distinquish Works of the Romantic Period
Distinquishing works of this unique time period is very easy. In the Romantic times, the works are very free of thought and have a very imaginative storyline/ picture (as seen above). Furthermore, they revolted and were the opposite of the classicist writings, such as the works in the Neoclassical eras. Nature, as well as the beauty of humanity, was a main focus. The writings were not rational, but were filled with emotion and with the senses. The art forms here were very inspiring and moving; not meant to teach. Religion started to come back and play a big role too, with fewer rules, and passion was put back into the masterpieces. Yet, remember that the Romantic period had little to do with literal romance and love, except for the individual and nature. Shakespeare, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Poe would be considered Romantics. These writings would mostly be in the 1800s also.
Example of Emerson's work in "Self Reliance"
"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men -- that is genius.
Familiar as the voice of the mind is to each, the highest merit we ascribe to Moses, Plato and Milton is that they set at naught books and traditions, and spoke not what men, but what they thought." (http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/digital/2000/c_n_c/c_07_romanticism/emerson.htm)
This is an example of Neoclassic piece of art because it is common and not original and the artist made the picture very realistic without any imagination or feelings. It features a scene from the period of history that the neoclassists emulated. Socrates, the man in the white robe, is the focus of the painting and he is accordingly placed in the center, giving the painting a symmetry common in the work of the neoclassists. It focuses on one theme and one action; the death of Socrates. Everything else in the painting is a reaction to that, unlike a Romantic painting, which would have details unrelated to the overall theme of the work.
This is an example of Romanticism artwork because it is vibrant and shows nature. Also, the picture has a lot of imagination to it and is an original piece of work; it is one of a kind.
This is also an example of Romantic art. It features a picturesque piece of nature. Nature is portrayed simply because it is beautiful and it seems to have inspired the poet. It has no one focus. The snow caps sit majestically in the backround and the contrst the warm colors of the meadow in the foreground. A large number of peope and animals occupy the ground, all of them acting independently and all of them with just as much importance, or lack thereof.
Concepts
Romanticism was, in essence, almost the exact opposite of neoclassicism. Some romantics even defined it as such and intentionally defied neoclassical trends. It favored the self over society, based on the belief that everyone was an individual and had specific needs. As a result, it flouted social conventions and organized religions. They valued rebels and creativity. The Romantics also valued imagination as the most important aspect of the human mind when it came to creating and interpreting reality. They also rejected the scientific view that nature was "mechanical" and instead chose to view it as a living work of art and used it (along with mythological references) for symbolism in order to express complex themes and ideas briefly.
The Romantics loved excess. Their paintings featured picturesque natural scenes or strong emotions. Their stories were full of strong emotions and extremes; angelically good characters interacting with mad men. Much of this served to balance the stark logic and strict rules introduced by the Neoclassicists. Romantics also viewed society as opressive. Every person was unique, they reasoned, so a set of rules shouldn't apply to everyone, in contrast to the neoclassicists who thought that if a social rule had existed for a long period of time it should be logical and therefore everyone should follow it. Thus, many of their heroes were rebels. Hester Prynne of Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter gave birth to an illegitemate daughter before the novel even started. Unlike similar characters in neoclassical works. Instead, she is a woman suffering at the hands of "respectable" citizens, punished for loving another person and acting on the sin that exists in every human's heart. Noble struggles such as Hester's were the kind of story Romantics loved.
Time Period
The American Romantic Movement began in the 1830s (some attribute its beginning to Emerson's 1836 essay, Nature) and ended with the American Civil War. Romantics, with ideals based on equality and dismissing social conventions they considered to be baseless, contributed greatly to the abolitionist movements and included in their ranks some of the nation's first feminists. Henry David Thoreau, a disciple of Emerson, was jailed for refusing to pay his taxes in protest of the Mexican War and slavery. Other Romantics were equally vocal about their opinions and spoke out against the sexism and racism that dominated life during that time. The two major wars of that era also came under their scrunity. The aforementioned Mexican War was considered by many to just be an excuse for gaining new land and the even less popular Civil War introduced the draft and was a war "between brothers".
Some scholars consider the thirty years between the beginning of Emerson's career and the end of the Civil War to have been ideal for the movement. America had begun to establish itself as a country and its position was more stable, allowing it to really develop an identity and branch away from the customs of the European nations most of its citizens were descended from. Romanticism was perfect for this because it valued creativity. The free-thinking nature of Romanticism was also well suited to America at the time as a natural reaction to the strict, Puritanical aspect of early American society.
hi
bonjour
hola
aloha
konnichiwa
gutentag
goededag
Romanticism*
Definition From Internet
- An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.
- Romantic quality or spirit in thought, expression, or action.
*By Yahoo! Education; http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/romanticism_
_
1 often capitalized a (1) : a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions, and marked especially in English literature by sensibility and the use of autobiographical material, an exaltation of the primitive and the common man, an appreciation of external nature, an interest in the remote, a predilection for melancholy, and the use in poetry of older verse forms (2) : an aspect of romanticism b : adherence to a **romantic** attitude or style
2 : the quality or state of being romantic
*By http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Romanticism
These three definitions of Romanticism all explain the same thing. Romanticism is the movement involved with imagination during the eighteenth century where classicism leaves and Romanticism begins. Romanticism takes place is works of art, literature and principles.
Definition From Book
A literary, artisitic, and philosophical movement originating in the eighteenth century, characterized mostly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions.
Literature
Who are the writers and what are their works?
Ralph Waldo Emerson -
Herman Melville -
Nathaniel Hawthorne -
Edgar Allen Poe -
Distinquish Works of the Romantic Period
Distinquishing works of this unique time period is very easy. In the Romantic times, the works are very free of thought and have a very imaginative storyline/ picture (as seen above). Furthermore, they revolted and were the opposite of the classicist writings, such as the works in the Neoclassical eras. Nature, as well as the beauty of humanity, was a main focus. The writings were not rational, but were filled with emotion and with the senses. The art forms here were very inspiring and moving; not meant to teach. Religion started to come back and play a big role too, with fewer rules, and passion was put back into the masterpieces. Yet, remember that the Romantic period had little to do with literal romance and love, except for the individual and nature. Shakespeare, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Poe would be considered Romantics. These writings would mostly be in the 1800s also.
Example of Emerson's work in "Self Reliance"
"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men -- that is genius.
Familiar as the voice of the mind is to each, the highest merit we ascribe to Moses, Plato and Milton is that they set at naught books and traditions, and spoke not what men, but what they thought." (http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/digital/2000/c_n_c/c_07_romanticism/emerson.htm)
This is an example of Neoclassic piece of art because it is common and not original and the artist made the picture very realistic without any imagination or feelings. It features a scene from the period of history that the neoclassists emulated. Socrates, the man in the white robe, is the focus of the painting and he is accordingly placed in the center, giving the painting a symmetry common in the work of the neoclassists. It focuses on one theme and one action; the death of Socrates. Everything else in the painting is a reaction to that, unlike a Romantic painting, which would have details unrelated to the overall theme of the work.
This is an example of Romanticism artwork because it is vibrant and shows nature. Also, the picture has a lot of imagination to it and is an original piece of work; it is one of a kind.
This is also an example of Romantic art. It features a picturesque piece of nature. Nature is portrayed simply because it is beautiful and it seems to have inspired the poet. It has no one focus. The snow caps sit majestically in the backround and the contrst the warm colors of the meadow in the foreground. A large number of peope and animals occupy the ground, all of them acting independently and all of them with just as much importance, or lack thereof.
Concepts
Romanticism was, in essence, almost the exact opposite of neoclassicism. Some romantics even defined it as such and intentionally defied neoclassical trends. It favored the self over society, based on the belief that everyone was an individual and had specific needs. As a result, it flouted social conventions and organized religions. They valued rebels and creativity. The Romantics also valued imagination as the most important aspect of the human mind when it came to creating and interpreting reality. They also rejected the scientific view that nature was "mechanical" and instead chose to view it as a living work of art and used it (along with mythological references) for symbolism in order to express complex themes and ideas briefly.
The Romantics loved excess. Their paintings featured picturesque natural scenes or strong emotions. Their stories were full of strong emotions and extremes; angelically good characters interacting with mad men. Much of this served to balance the stark logic and strict rules introduced by the Neoclassicists. Romantics also viewed society as opressive. Every person was unique, they reasoned, so a set of rules shouldn't apply to everyone, in contrast to the neoclassicists who thought that if a social rule had existed for a long period of time it should be logical and therefore everyone should follow it. Thus, many of their heroes were rebels. Hester Prynne of Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter gave birth to an illegitemate daughter before the novel even started. Unlike similar characters in neoclassical works. Instead, she is a woman suffering at the hands of "respectable" citizens, punished for loving another person and acting on the sin that exists in every human's heart. Noble struggles such as Hester's were the kind of story Romantics loved.
Time Period
The American Romantic Movement began in the 1830s (some attribute its beginning to Emerson's 1836 essay, Nature) and ended with the American Civil War. Romantics, with ideals based on equality and dismissing social conventions they considered to be baseless, contributed greatly to the abolitionist movements and included in their ranks some of the nation's first feminists. Henry David Thoreau, a disciple of Emerson, was jailed for refusing to pay his taxes in protest of the Mexican War and slavery. Other Romantics were equally vocal about their opinions and spoke out against the sexism and racism that dominated life during that time. The two major wars of that era also came under their scrunity. The aforementioned Mexican War was considered by many to just be an excuse for gaining new land and the even less popular Civil War introduced the draft and was a war "between brothers".
Some scholars consider the thirty years between the beginning of Emerson's career and the end of the Civil War to have been ideal for the movement. America had begun to establish itself as a country and its position was more stable, allowing it to really develop an identity and branch away from the customs of the European nations most of its citizens were descended from. Romanticism was perfect for this because it valued creativity. The free-thinking nature of Romanticism was also well suited to America at the time as a natural reaction to the strict, Puritanical aspect of early American society.